Journal of NCDs & Global Health is a peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly journal published by SJC Publishers. The journal provides an interdisciplinary platform for the dissemination of high-quality research on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and broader global health challenges, with a particular focus on low- and middle-income countries and African health systems. The journal was formerly published as SJ Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cancer Research Africa ( 3006-9106, 3006-9092). The title change reflects an expanded scope to accommodate emerging priorities in global health, including mental health, health systems strengthening, social determinants of health, and integrated approaches to disease prevention and care. The Journal of NCDs & Global Health aims to promote evidence-based policy, clinical practice, and public health interventions by publishing original research, reviews, short communications, case studies, and policy analyses. All submissions undergo a rigorous double-blind peer-review process to ensure scientific integrity, ethical compliance, and relevance. The journal is committed to supporting early-career researchers, practitioners, and policymakers by providing an inclusive, transparent, and accessible publishing environment. Aim & Scope The Journal of NCDs & Global Health aims to publish high-quality, peer-reviewed research that advances understanding of non-communicable diseases and addresses key global health challenges. The journal focuses on generating evidence that informs clinical practice, public health interventions, and health policy. The journal welcomes interdisciplinary research on chronic diseases, mental health, population and public health, health systems and policy, social and environmental determinants of health, and applied clinical research. By promoting accessible and context-relevant scholarship, the Journal of NCDs & Global Health supports efforts to strengthen health systems, reduce health inequities, and improve population health outcomes globally. Managing Publisher: Journal of NCDs & Global Health is proudly published and managed by SJC Publishers Company Limited, a leading publishing house dedicated to advancing knowledge and fostering innovation in scientific research. SJC Publishers Company Limited is committed to maintaining the highest standards of academic integrity and excellence, ensuring that each publication contributes significantly to the global and African-specific understanding of diabetes, hypertension, and cancer.
Factors Influencing Adherence to Healthier Dietary Patterns Among Hypertensive Clients at Mukono General Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study.
Background Adherence to a dietary pattern is crucial for realizing its intended health benefits. Even the most evidence-based diets like DASH and Mediterranean can fail to impact health outcomes if not followed consistently. This study examines factors influencing adherence to healthier dietary patterns among hypertensives at Mukono General Hospital, emphasizing modifiable determinants to inform targeted interventions. Methodology A cross-sectional analytical design was adopted. Using Yamane’s formula, a sample of 101 hypertensive outpatients aged 18-75 years was selected via systematic random sampling from the NCD clinic in June 2025. Data were collected through researcher-administered structured questionnaires capturing socio-demographics, dietary patterns via Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and adherence factors (knowledge, awareness, access, cultural tastes. Analysis involved SPSS version 26, with chi-square tests for bivariate associations and multivariable logistic regression for predictors (p<0.05). Results Most of the participants, 72 (80%), were female, and 18 (20%) were male. 21.1% had not attended any school, 50% had completed primary education, 27.8% had secondary education, and 1.1% had tertiary education. 50% of the respondents were self-employed, 36.7% were unemployed, 11.1% were employed in the formal sector, and 2.2% were retired. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations between adherence and sex (p=0.039), knowledge (p<0.001), and awareness (p<0.001); no significance for income, education, marital status, employment, residence, access, or cultural tastes. Sex (p=0.039), knowledge (p<0.001), and awareness (p<0.001) were significantly associated with adherence to healthier dietary patterns. Multivariable logistic regression identified knowledge as a strong predictor (AOR=14.434, 95% CI: 1.684-123.789, p=0.017), increasing adherence odds 14-fold. Conclusion The results demonstrate that knowledge and awareness are the most critical determinants of adherence, while socio-demographic factors, access and availability, and cultural tastes were not significant factors in this context.
Cardiovascular diseases — hypertension, stroke, heart disease
Copyright (c) 2026 Joanita Bayiga, Gordon Kibirige, Patrick Sentongo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Factors affecting the utilization of village health teams' services among the residents of Agulu division, Apac district. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Village Health Teams (VHTs) are community-based health workers responsible for delivering basic preventive and promotive health services at the household level. This study assessed the factors affecting the utilization of Village Health Team services among residents of Agulu Division in Apac District. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted among residents of Agulu Division, Apac Town Council, Apac District. Data collection lasted ten days. Completed questionnaires were checked for completeness and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results were presented in the form of frequency tables, figures, and percentages. Results: Most of the respondents were female (62%), aged 18–27 years (36%), and had primary level education (44%). More than half of the respondents (56%) were unaware of the services provided by VHTs. Most respondents (76%) doubted the ability of VHTs to manage illnesses, and 68% were not satisfied with the services offered. Community-related factors included lack of consideration of cultural norms (64%) and long distance to VHT residences, with 38% reporting distances greater than 5 km. Service provider factors included uncertainty about confidentiality (58%), inconsistent supply of drugs and logistics (84%), and negative attitudes such as use of abusive language (52%). Conclusion: Utilization of VHT services in Agulu Division is influenced by personal, community, and service provider factors. Low awareness, lack of confidence in VHT competence, cultural concerns, long distances, poor confidentiality, inconsistent logistics, and negative attitudes among VHTs significantly affect service utilization. Recommendations: The Ministry of Health should strengthen training of VHTs on ethics, communication, and confidentiality, while ensuring a consistent supply of drugs and logistics. The APAC District health authorities should recruit more VHTs and increase community sensitization about VHT services to improve their utilization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fiona Atim, Ronald Awoi, Denis Obong, Tonny Mike Omara, Lamex Ogwal, Filder Monica Odela (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors associated with hypertension among adult patients attending the outpatient department at Apac General Hospital in Apac district. Cross-sectional study.
Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem worldwide and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, heart failure, and kidney disease. This study, therefore, assessed the factors associated with hypertension among adult patients attending the outpatient department at Apac General Hospital in Apac District. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design employing quantitative methods was used. The study was conducted at Apac General Hospital among hypertensive patients attending the outpatient department. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Collected data were edited, coded, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and results were presented in tables, charts, and percentages. Results: Most respondents were female (56.6%) and had a primary education (45.7%). Behavioral factors associated with hypertension included lack of physical activity (54%), alcohol consumption (56.5%), smoking (41.3%), and high salt intake (60.9%). Medical-related factors included family history of hypertension (65.2%), older age (50–64 years: 47.8%), and overweight status (47.8%). Health facility-related factors included unaffordability of antihypertensive drugs (52.2%), poor adherence to prescriptions (69.6%), inadequate counseling (54.3%), and infrequent clinic visits. Conclusion: Hypertension among adults attending Apac General Hospital is influenced by behavioral, medical, and health facility-related factors, which contribute to poor blood pressure control. Recommendations: The Ministry of Health and local health authorities should strengthen community health education on lifestyle modification, improve access to affordable antihypertensive drugs, and enhance counseling and follow-up services to improve hypertension prevention and management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mable Anyango, Denis Obong, Filder Monica Odela, Ronald Awoi, Tonny Mike Omara, Lamex Ogwal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Premarital Screening for Sickle Cell Trait among Unmarried Adults Attending Outpatient Department at Busiu Health Centre IV, Mbale District. Across-sectional study.
Abstract Background: Health care system factors, including service availability, accessibility, affordability, and quality of counseling, influence uptake of premarital SCT screening. This study aims to determine the healthcare system factors associated with premarital screening for sickle cell trait among unmarried adults attending the outpatient Department at Busiu Health Centre IV, Mbale District. Methodology: A cross‑sectional survey was conducted among 53 participants, with 50 completing structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed descriptively using the Microsoft Excel software and presented as tables, charts, and graphs. Results: The majority of the respondents, 62%, were aged between 18 and 25 years, 68% were females, and 56% of them had attained tertiary education, which varied between degree, diploma, and certificate levels. The majority of them 38% reported unstable sources of income. Religiously, 92% were Christians. 54% had never been counselled about SCT screening. 52% thought screening services were accessible. 88% had never heard about any campaign directed towards educating about sickle cell screening in their community. 48% rated the cost of a screening test as very expensive. Only 30% of the respondents reported having ever screened for sickle cell. Of these, 6.67% reported an excellent experience, 53.33% had a good experience in terms of counselling services provided before and after screening. Challenges reported by respondents included high costs of the screening, lack of knowledge and awareness about the disease, and the screening services were another challenge, fear and anxiety of screening results, and associated stigma and accessibility were also problems. Conclusion: Health care system barriers, such as high costs, limited counseling, poor community awareness, and accessibility challenges, limit the uptake of premarital SCT screening among unmarried adults. Recommendation: Strengthening community education, improving access to affordable screening, and providing quality counseling can enhance utilization
Genetic and hematological disorders — sickle cell disease/trait, thalassemia, hemophilia
Copyright (c) 2026 Laureen Christine Khaukha, Alois Okadapao, Hasifah Nansereko, Franscisco Ssemuwemba, Jane Frank Nalubega (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Awareness and lifestyle practices of hypertension prevention among the elderly patients at Mubende regional referral hospital, Mubende district, a cross-sectional study.
Background: Hypertension is a leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. This study assessed the awareness and lifestyle practices of hypertension prevention among the elderly at Mubende regional referral hospital, Mubende district. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional study design with a convenience sampling technique to obtain 122 elderly patients aged 60 years and above. Data was collected from 31st October to 15th November 2025. A blood pressure machine was used to measure blood pressure for respondents. The data was then analyzed. The findings were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and scientific calculators, then presented in the form of tables, graphs, pie charts, and word statements. Results: The study involved more widowed, 45(36.9%) elderly people, with the most, 54(44.3%) aged 60-69 years. The majority, 49(40.2%), had attained primary as the highest education level, and 69(56.6%) resided in rural areas, while 53(43.4%) resided in urban areas. Findings revealed that 122(100%) participants had heard about hypertension, 73 (60%) considered hypertension as a very serious disease, with 67 (55%) participants obtaining information from health care professionals. Practically, 83(68%) were faced with difficulty understanding the information received about hypertension prevention, and 76(62%) monitored their blood pressure levels on a weekly basis. Respondents adopted positive lifestyle practices like reduced salt intake, fruits and vegetables consumption, avoidance of smoking and alcohol, practicing stress management, following health professionals’ advice, engagement in regular physical activity, and routine monitoring of blood pressure. Conclusions: Generally, comprehension of prevention strategies of hypertension remained limited due to low health literacy and reliance on hospital education during visits. Recommendations: Health professionals should collaborate with community health workers and implement simplified community-level health education programs. Family members and caregivers of the elderly patients with hypertension should support them by preparing healthy meals and encouraging physical activity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Keneth Tiborugaba, Jane Frank Nalubega, Hasifa Nansereko, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Health system-related barriers affecting access to and adherence to antidiabetic medications among adult patients at Gombe General Hospital. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Health system factors such as drug availability, service delivery, and patient–provider interaction influence consistent use of antidiabetic medications. This study aims to assess the health system-related barriers affecting access to and adherence to antidiabetic medications among adult patients at Gombe General Hospital. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 36 adult diabetic patients attending the hospital's diabetes clinic. Data were collected using structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with Microsoft Excel. Results: The majority of respondents were female (72.2%) and elderly, with half of the participants aged 60 years and above. A significant proportion had a low level of formal education, with 91.6% having only primary-level education or none at all. The majority (94.4%) reported a monthly income of 300,000 UGX or less, indicating a low socioeconomic status. The most prevalent challenge was drug stock-outs, experienced by 80.6% of patients, directly impacting the reliability of medication supply. The high cost of medication was also a major barrier, affecting 75% of respondents. Long distances to the facility and long waiting times were significant challenges for 41.7% and 33.3% of patients, respectively. Provides a nuanced view of the health system's performance. The interpersonal factors were excellent, with all patients finding health workers supportive. Conclusion: Health system barriers, particularly drug stock-outs, high medication costs, and access challenges, significantly affect consistent utilization of antidiabetic medications despite positive patient–provider relationships. Recommendation: Strengthening medicine supply chains and reducing patient costs, alongside improving service accessibility, is necessary to enhance sustained adherence to treatment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diana Nakigudde, George Kalfred Masete, Hasifa Nansereko, Francisco Ssemuwemba, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu, Jane Frank Nalubega (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Barriers faced during the management of Diabetic patients with comorbidities at Jinja regional referral Hospital. A cross-sectional study.
Background Patients with comorbidities also require more frequent hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and outpatient appointments. The study aims to assess the barriers faced during the management of patients with comorbidities at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study that employed quantitative data techniques was used. Simple random sampling was used to select participants in the study. Descriptive statistics was used to assess the frequency distribution of the three risk categories. A Chi-square test assessed the categorical variables and trends in the prevalence of diabetic comorbidities. Results Most patients were married 191(67.3%), majority came from rural areas 167(58.8%), majority of the patients were employed 144(50.7%), Patients with type 1 DM were 41(14.4%) and type 2 DM were 243(85.6%). The number of diabetic patients who faced difficulties in transportation to the health facility was 41, those who had limited self-care services were 36, patients who faced a delay in care seeking were 55, patients who could not afford medicines were 103 and lastly, patients who had a poor attitude towards health workers were 54 Conclusion The barriers faced in the management of patients with diabetes were transport difficulties, limited self-care services, delayed care seeking, unaffordable medical care, and poor attitudes of health workers. Recommendation The Ministry of Health through health workers at all levels implements nationwide screening programs for diabetes and its comorbidities, especially among high-risk populations to reduce the risk of developing diabetic comorbidities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Violet Alimwenda, Richard Kajubi, Hilary Atuhaire, Ali Anahita (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
ASSESSMENT OF THE UTILIZATION OF STRESS REDUCTION AND PHYSICAL EXERCISE MEASURES AMONG DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 PATIENTS AT LUBAGA HOSPITAL, KAMPALA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood. There are non-medication treatments, like stress reduction and physical exercise that play a crucial role in managing diabetes. Together, these lifestyle modifications can significantly improve glycemic control, reduce the need for medication, and lower the risk of diabetes-related complications. Therefore, this study seeks to assess the utilization of Stress Reduction and Physical Exercise Measures among Diabetes Mellitus type 2 Patients at Lubaga Hospital, Kampala District. Methodology: A cross-sectional study that utilized a quantitative method of data collection was conducted at UMHL; 30 DM patients were selected using a simple random sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data and involved both open and closed-ended questions and the data was arranged in the form of tables, pie-charts, and graphs. Results: On utilization of stress reduction measures, 11(30.6%) mentioned that the financial burden of disease management was the primary source of stress in nurses' lives, 32(89%) received information from healthcare workers about stress reduction techniques, 16(50%) received information about stress reduction techniques from doctors. Regarding utilization of physical exercise measures, 25(69%) accepted they engaged in regular physical exercises to manage their diabetes, 12(48%) mentioned they lacked time to maintain regular physical exercise, and 7(63.6%) reported they participated in physical exercises for about 10-15minutes. Conclusion: Participants utilized non-pharmacological measures such as stress-reduction, and physical exercises. However, 11(30.6%) mentioned they still faced the financial burden of disease management and the majority 12(48%) lacked time to maintain regular physical exercise. Recommendation: Diabetic patients should make exercise an integral part of their lives and make flexible and time-efficient routines for physical activity such as walking and engage in continuous educational programs to be informed about stress management.
Copyright (c) 2024 Caroline Namuyanja, Donatus Kimera (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
KNOWLEDGE TOWARDS DIABETIC MELLITUS SELF MANAGEMENT AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING DIABETIC CLINIC AT LUBAGA HOSPITAL KAMPALA DISTRICT. A CROSS- SECTIONAL STUDY
Background In developing countries, treatment adherence reaches a mere 20%, generating negative health statistics and entailing high costs for families, society, and governments. The study aims to assess the knowledge of diabetic mellitus self-management among patients attending diabetic clinics at Lubaga Hospital Kampala district. Methodology A cross-sectional study that utilized quantitative data collection methods from 30 respondents. Results Respondents had good basic Knowledge about diabetes and self-management but lacked sufficient details about management 20% of the respondents suggested insulin-treated hypertension, 20% for frequent maturation and 60% suggested that it was a diabetic drug. 46.6% suggested others such as headache, dizziness, palpitations, and sweating, 26.67% believed it could cause low blood sugar if administered in excess, 20% did not know the complications of insulin and 6.67% said it has no complications. Regarding home management of hypoglycemic insulin among DM patients’ respondents where 57% had a yes, 20% no, and 23%were not sure.16 (53.3%) of the respondents were female and 14 (46.6%) were male. 66.67% had Type2 while 33.33% had Type1.16(53.3%) participants had oral hypoglycemic drugs, 7(23.3%) insulin therapy and 7(23.3%) could take both. Conclusion There were varying levels of Knowledge with many found to have basic information about self-management and care of Diabetes. However, Patients did not have some necessary details about the possible side effects and complications of the drugs they are taking which raises concern to have the gap addressed. Recommendation Adequate time and resources should be put in place to increase interaction and communication with Diabetes patients and their healthcare providers to ensure enough information is delivered in a comprehensible way. The government should set up more health sensitization campaigns that target self-care awareness among people living with non-communicable diseases like Diabetes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ereneo Atwijukire, Jane Francis Namukwaya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Knowledge, attitude and practices towards prostate cancer screening among men aged 45 to 65years in Lira regional referral hospital, Lira district. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men worldwide and is a major public health concern due to its high morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards prostate cancer screening among men aged 45–65 years at Lira Regional Referral Hospital in Lira District. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted at Lira Regional Referral Hospital among men aged 45–65 years. A sample size of 50 respondents was selected due to financial and time constraints, although the calculated sample size was 220 using the Kish and Leslie formula. Data were collected using structured questionnaires administered through interviews in the local Luo language. Data were edited, coded, and analyzed using SPSS, and results were presented using frequency tables and percentages. Results: About 76% of respondents had heard about prostate cancer screening, and 64% knew the importance of screening. However, knowledge about the recommended screening interval was low, with 42% not knowing how often screening should be done. Attitude towards screening was generally poor; 58% did not believe regular screening was important, and 38% were not very interested in knowing their prostate cancer status. Regarding practices, 70% of respondents had never been screened for prostate cancer, and 42% were not aware of any screening facility in Lira. Socio-economic factors such as poverty (64%) and cultural beliefs also influenced screening behavior. Conclusion: Despite moderate awareness of prostate cancer screening, attitudes and practices towards screening among men aged 45–65 years were generally poor, resulting in low uptake of screening services. Recommendations: The Ministry of Health should increase community sensitization on prostate cancer and establish more screening facilities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Martin Okello, Alex Katwe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
AWARENESS OF PRE-ECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA AMONG PREGNANT MOTHERS ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE AT LUBAGA HOSPITAL KAMPALA DISTRICT A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide and it occurs in women with first or multiple pregnancies during the second or third trimester and is characterized by hypertension with either proteinuria, pulmonary edema, cerebral or visual symptoms, and a high blood pressure. Methodology The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design because data collection and management were within a short period on a sample of a large population at a specific time. Analysis of data was done using Microsoft Excel 2013 and data was presented in the form of tables, figures, and pie charts. Results Nearly half (43%) of the respondents were between 25-29 years with the minority (7%) being above 40 years. 47% of the women lacked knowledge of what Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are. 87% had adequate knowledge of obesity as a predisposing factor to Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. The predisposing factors mentioned were Poor nutritional status (7%), and the age of the mother (33%) which reflects inadequate knowledge of the predisposing factors, 60% of the Pregnant Mothers knew only Headache as an effect of PE/E after delivery which indicated inadequate knowledge on the effects of PE/E after delivery. Conclusion The majority of respondents lacked adequate Knowledge of the other Predisposing Factors to Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia. However, knowledge of Visual disturbances, premature delivery, and death of a baby as effects of PE/E after delivery was low as most respondents knew only Headache as an effect of PE/E after delivery. Recommendations The hospital should empower the health workers in supportive communication so that they can help the pregnant women be aware of the seriousness of the condition, the importance of regular checks at a health facility, and the symptoms of worsening pre-eclampsia.
Copyright (c) 2025 BRIDGET NAKITTO , Patience Ddumba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND HEALTH SEEKING PRACTICES OF MEN AGED 40YEARS AND ABOVE TOWARDS SCREENING FOR PROSTATE CANCER AND BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY AT MT ELGON HOSPITAL, MBALE LTD. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy and the fifth leading cause of death in men globally and it causes 358,989 deaths per year. The study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and health-seeking practices of men aged 40 years and above towards screening for prostate cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy at Mt Elgon Hospital, Mbale Ltd. Methodology A cross-sectional study where a total of 40 male outpatients aged 40 years and above at MEH were chosen as the study sample. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique data was manually analyzed, entered into the computer, and using a computer program called Microsoft Excel and resented in the form of tables, graphs, and pie charts. Results 21 (52.5%) were married, 8 (20.0%) were widowers, 6 (15.0%) were divorced, 4 (10.0%) separated while 1 (2.5%) was single. 25(63%) didn’t know how PC diagnosis could be done, 8 (20%) cited ultrasound scanning, 6 (15%) mentioned PSA test, and 1 mentioned digital rectal examination as a means of diagnosis of PC. 35(87%) had ever heard about prostate cancer while the least 5 (13%) had never heard about it. 9(60.0%) who had challenges with urination did nothing about it, 6 (40.0%) did self-medication and none of them 0 (0%) visited the doctor immediately. Conclusions The levels of awareness were low about the diagnosis of PC, but their attitude towards screening was positive in some aspects. The practice of men aged 40 years and above on screening for prostate cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy was poor. Recommendations The government of Uganda through different mass media should continue sensitizing masses of people about PC screening and the need to seek medical attention whenever they get challenges with Urination.
Benign prostate hypertrophy Mt. Elgon Hospital
Copyright (c) 2025 Camilla Misanya , Brenda Peace Atwine (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
KNOWLEDGE OF DIABETIC PATIENTS TOWARDS THEIR DIETARY MANAGEMENT IN LIRA REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background: The study aims to assess the knowledge, of diabetic patients towards their dietary management at Lira Regional Referral Hospital. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional design utilizing Quantitative data collection methods from 30 respondents. Results: Respondents were averagely knowledgeable about dietary management. The majority 17(57%) of the respondents knew that bitter food substances can cure diabetes while a few 13(43%) knew that bitter food substances cannot cure diabetes but can help in the management of diabetes. majority 21(70%) of the respondents knew that diabetes can be controlled by avoiding carbohydrates such as sweet potatoes and others, while a few 9(30%) did not which indicates that they have been consuming carbohydrates in their diet. majority 22(73%) knew that diabetes can be controlled by avoiding too much sugar while a few 8(27%) did not indicating a certain degree of lack of knowledge on controlling sugar among a few diabetic patients. In addition, most 22(73%) of the respondents knew the outcomes of not controlling blood sugars in diabetes mellitus patients while a few 8(27%) did not. 20(61%) belonged to the age category of more than 40 years, 1(6%) were of the age category of 18 to 24 years, 4(15%) were of the age category 25 to 29 years, while 5(18%) were of the age category of 30 to 34 years. Conclusion: Dietary knowledge among diabetic patients receiving care at Lira Regional Referral Hospital was moderate suggesting the need for awareness campaigns, orientation programs, and routine training sessions by hospitals. Recommendations: It’s imperative for the community members especially those suffering and at risk of getting diabetes to improve the way they eat since eating a well-balanced and nutritious diet with less carbohydrates not only controls blood sugars but also controls other cardiovascular diseases.
Copyright (c) 2024 VICKY AKAYO , Babirye Magdalane Mutaasa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES TOWARDS DIABETIC MELLITUS SELF-MANAGEMENT AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING DIABETIC CLINIC AT LUBAGA HOSPITAL KAMPALA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background: The study aims to assess the attitude and practices towards diabetic mellitus self-management among patients attending diabetic clinics at Lubaga Hospital Kampala district. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study with 30 respondents collected data using quantitative methodologies. A basic random sample process was performed, and the data was evaluated and analyzed via SPSS. Results: Respondents had fairly good attitudes and practices towards self management43% of participants said it’s dangerous for a DM patient to forget to take medicine, 40% said it’s not dangerous and 17% did not know whether it’s dangerous or not. 63.3% agreed that a DM patient should comply with their diet, 20% said No and 16.67% did not know. 60% followed them less than or 3 days a week while 40% 4-7 days a week and the majority incorporated fruits and vegetables in their diet. 53.3% consumed fried food products less than or 3 days a week while 46% 4-7 days a week. Consumption of fat diet was 50% 4-7 days among the DM patients. The majority of the respondents did exercise at least 30 minutes daily. Medication practices such as adhering to oral hypoglycemic drugs and adhering to insulin therapy were between 4-7 days a week. Of the respondents, 16% washed their feet not less than 4 times a week. 16 (53.3%) were female and 14 (46.6%) males. Conclusion: The general overview of Attitudes towards the management of Diabetes is recommendable which informed the good practices of respondents towards self-care and adherence to care instructions. Recommendation: Health workers should more emphasis on giving clear and concise health education to all patients coming for diagnosis or treatment and roll out more sensitization campaigns to raise awareness in the general population.
Copyright (c) 2024 ERENEO ATWIJUKIRE, JANE FRANCIS NAMUKWAYA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Health-facility factors influencing cervical cancer screening uptake among women Aged 25-35 years at Mukono General Hospital. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Worldwide, uptake of cervical cancer screening is higher in developed countries as compared to developing countries. The aim of the study is to assess the health-facility factors influencing cervical cancer screening uptake among women aged 25-35 years. Methodology: A cross-sectional study carried out among women of reproductive age between 25-35 years attending the family planning clinic at Mukono hospital, Mukono district. Results: The major health facility factors influencing cervical cancer screening uptake were lacking enough health workers, provision of inadequate information and distance of the facility from the respondent’s home. 15/30(50%) rated services offered to them as being fair while a small number 4/30(13.3%) said services were good. All respondents 30/30(100%) indicated that the hospital lacked enough health workers to attend to them. Most 14/30(46.7%) of the respondents said staff shortages meant that health workers delayed attending to mothers. Concerning actions of health workers which affect uptake of cervical cancer screening, half of the respondents 15/30(50%) mentioned provision of inadequate information while a few respondents 3/30(10%) said failure to spend enough time with women. All respondents (100%) reported that health workers did not conduct outreaches to sensitize women about cervical cancer screening. Conclusion: Staff shortages were also a major factor affecting uptake of cervical cancer screening among women. It was also found that health facilities were not easily accessible for most rural women resulting into low utilization of free cervical cancer screening services in Government health facilities. Recommendation: The Government should set up more facilities which offer cervical cancer screening so as to increase accessibility and recruit more health workers to sensitize women on the benefits of undergoing cervical cancer screening regularly.
Copyright (c) 2026 Everlyne Aguti, Milton Ssenkayi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Age group most affected by hyperglycaemia in HIV patients on Dolutegravir ART regimen receiving care at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. A cross-sectional study.
Background: The emergence of non communicable diseases among people receiving ART has raised concerns as to whether demographic characteristics like Age can increase the chances of developing hyperglycaemia among HIV patients on effective ART regimens. The aim of this study is to determine the age group most affected by Hyperglycaemia in HIV patients on DTG based ART regimen. Methodology: A cross-sectional hospital-based study. The study population included all adult PLWHIV initiated on Dolutegravir based ART regimen attending ART clinic at JRRH in Eastern Uganda. The total respondents were 96. Both male and female were included Results: The most affected age group was 46-60years with hyperglycaemia prevalence of 47.4%. majority 45(46.9%) of the respondents were in the age group of 46-60years with hyperglycaemia prevalence of 9(47.4%). 31-45years were 30(31.2%) with hyperglycaemia prevalence of 4(21.0%). 18-30years were 18(18.8%) with their prevalence of hyperglycaemia being 3(15.8%) and the minority of the respondents 3(3.1%) were above 60years with hyperglycaemia prevalence of 3(15.8%). Concerning respondents’ occupation, majority 37(38.5%) had private business, followed by civil servants who were 31(32.3%), followed by unemployed who were 25(26.0%) and the minority 3(3.1%) were healthcare workers. Conclusion: Older age showed a slightly higher risk of developing of hyperglycaemia among PLWH with younger age groups showing a slightly lower prevalence of hyperglycaemia. Recommendation: Hyperglycaemia screening and monitoring should be done for patients taking Dolutegravir as well sensitizing all age groups about healthy living to reduce chances to developing hyperglycaemia and other non communicable diseases among PLWH.
Copyright (c) 2026 Annet Mugoya , Ivan Awach Ogwal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
PREVALENCE OF HYPERGLYCEMIA IN HIV PATIENTS ON DOLUTEGRAVIR ART REGIMEN RECEIVING CARE AT JINJA REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background Emerging evidence suggests a possible association between hyperglycemia and dolutegravir (DTG), preferred first-line antiretroviral agents in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In Zambia, DTG DTG-based ART was associated with more double risk of developing metabolic syndrome among HIV patients with metabolic syndrome including hyperglycemia. .The study aims to determine the Prevalence of hyperglycemia in HIV patients on a Dolutegravir ART regimen. receibyving care at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. Methodology A cross-sectional study was designed at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital located in Jinja City, Eastern Uganda with a total of 96 respondents. It included all adult PLWHIV initiated on a Dolutegravir-based ART regimen attending the ART clinic at JRRH. Results The prevalence of hyperglycemia was 19.8% among adult HIV patients on the Dolutegravir ART regimen receiving care at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. 19/96 (19.8%) participants had high blood sugar levels above the normal henceforth and 77/96 (80.2%) of the participants had normal fasting blood sugar. majority 45(46.9%) of the respondents were in the age group of 46-60years with hyperglycaemia prevalence of 9(47.4%). majority of the respondents 53(55.2%) were males with 11(57.9%) prevalence and the minority 43(44.8%) were females with hyperglycaemia prevalence of 8(42.1%). majority 46(47.9%) of the respondents attended secondary school education with a prevalence of 8(42.1%), Conclusion Hyperglycemia is prevalent in Retroviral infection patients on a Dolutegravir-containing ART regimen and the drug is associated with weight changes. Recommendation Patients on Dolutegravir should be sensitized and monitored for weight changes and symptoms of hyperglycemia for early diagnosis and treatment for hyperglycemia and other metabolic derangements.
Copyright (c) 2024 Annet Mugoya, Ivan Awach Ogwal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG HIV PATIENT ATTENDING ART CLINIC AT MBALE REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background Chronic immune activation and inflammation associated with HIV infection contribute to insulin resistance and the development of diabetes mellitus in this population. The study aims to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among HIV patients. Methodology The study employed a cross-sectional study design using a structured patient data form to collect quantitative data from 234 respondents attending the ART clinic at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital in Eastern Uganda. Both males and females were included in the study Results The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among HIV patients was 19%. 44/234(19%) HIV patient had diabetes mellitus and 190/234(81%) did not have diabetes mellitus. Conclusion The prevalence of Diabetes mellitus is gradually increasing among People living with HIV which poses an increasing risk to the general prognosis and well-being of PLWH Recommendation More emphasis should be put on conducting routine DM screening of all People living with HIV and ensure timely treatment of those found sick as well as health educating all of them about how to reduce the risks of developing DM
Copyright (c) 2024 Iddi Bashir Mukholi, Margret Nakalema (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES TOWARDS UTILIZATION OF BREAST CANCER SCREENING SERVICES AMONG WOMEN AGED 15-50 YEARS IN ADJUMANI HOSPITAL ADJUMANI DISTRICT; A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices towards breast cancer screening among women aged 15-50 years in Adjumani Hospital. Methodology: The study employed a cross-section study design and a simple random sampling technique to obtain a sample of 50 respondents’ questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analyzed manually using tally sheets and entered in a computer using Microsoft Excel computer program to generate tables, pie charts, and bar graphs. Results: Results from the study on knowledge reported that the majority of the respondents (70%) had ever heard about breast cancer, 52% of respondents obtained information about breast cancer from a hospital, 68% didn’t know the risk factors that predispose to breast cancer, 58% reported increased age as the risk factor that predisposes to breast cancer, 80% didn’t know the three methods of breast cancer screening, 60% were willing to go for breast cancer screening, 50% reported if it is free of charge, 70% had never done breast self-examination, 56% had little knowledge about the procedures as the reason as to why they had never done breast cancer screening, 50% they had ever done breast self-examination, 40% often do breast self-examination monthly, 52% were recommended by health workers to go for breast cancer screening services and 46% reported self-breast screenings the preventive measure for breast cancer. Conclusion: Even though women had had fairly good attitudes towards the utilization of breast cancer screening services, surprisingly were at risk of contracting breast cancer because they had insufficient knowledge of signs and symptoms, and few of them had ever done breast cancer screening with stumpy levels of breast cancer preventive practices. Recommendation: The management of Adjumani Hospital should increase breast cancer screening awareness through health education during antenatal care to all mothers.
Copyright (c) 2024 FRANCISCO DRAKONYA , PROSPER MUBANGIZI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO INCREASED ADVERSE DRUG EFFECTS OF ANTI-CANCER DRUGS AMONG CANCER PATIENTS AT MULAGO NATIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL, KAMPALA CITY; A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background: The purpose of the study was to assess factors contributing to increase Advance Drug Effects among patients taking anti-cancer drugs attending Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala City. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was employed using a simple random-sampling technique on a sample size of 50 respondents. Semi-structured questionnaires with closed-ended questions were used. Data was analyzed manually using tally sheets and entered into a computer using the Microsoft Excel computer program to generate tables and figures. Results: All respondents 50(100%) who were interviewed reported having experienced at least a side effect from the anti-cancer drugs they were taking despite being varying in severity of symptoms. The majority of the respondents were females 28 (56%), Most of the severe Advance Drug Effects of alopecia and severe vomiting were seen in patients. Patients having other co-morbidities like Hypertension, Diabetes, and sickle cell anemia indicate that most of these respondents were taking more than one or two types of drugs as a result of the multiple diagnoses. Conclusion: Advance Drug Effects impact on overall treatment outcomes may result in treatment failure or abrupt adherence to medications however with early detection and reporting, minimization of damage can be achieved. Individual factors like having related medical co-morbidities like hypertension, and diabetes. Healthcare-related factors like a high pill burden and frequent dosages of the prescribed drugs contributed to the occurrence of Advance Drug Effects among the patients. Recommendations: Since most of the Advance Drug Effects in hospitalized oncology patients are predictable and at least probably preventable, the researcher, therefore, recommends that the hospital sets up an effective ADE monitoring and reporting system and create awareness among healthcare workers regarding the importance of this system, the government should encourage rational use of drugs.
Copyright (c) 2024 RONALD LOMULOKO , VINCENT CHARLES KALUNGI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NON-ADHERENCE TO RECOMMENDED ANTI-DIABETIC MEDICATIONS AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS AT WALUKUBA HEALTH CENTRE IV, JINJA CITY; A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background: Purpose of the study: The study was to determine the factors contributing to non-adherence to recommended anti-diabetic medication among diabetic patients at Walukuba Health Center IV, Jinja City. Objectives of the study: To assess the individual factors contributing to non-adherence to recommended anti-diabetic medication among diabetic patients at Walukuba Health Centre IV, Jinja City. To determine the socio-economic factors contributing to non-adherence to recommended anti-diabetic medication among diabetic patients at Walukuba Health Centre IV, Jinja City. To identify the health facility-related factors contributing to non-adherence to recommended anti-diabetic medication among diabetic patients at Walukuba Health Centre IV, Jinja City. Study methods/design: The study employed a cross-sectional study; data was collected using a sample size of 50 (type 1 and 2 diabetic patients) who were selected from an outpatient diabetic clinic using simple random sampling, selected patients were taken diabetes treatment for more than one month and had given informed consent to participate. Non-adherence was assessed using patients’ information Results: Factors that were independently associated with non-adherence were; age above 59 years (52%), forgetfulness (44%), laziness (28%) towards the treatment, busy working schedules (22%), medicines being expensive (60%), lack of counseling and sensitizing from the hospital (84%) and illiteracy (40%). Conclusion: Generally, the factors contributing to increased cases of non-adherence to anti-diabetic treatment were major, lack of counseling, sensitization about the medication regimen from the health workers, high treatment costs due to out-stocks at the government facilities, and age above 59 years. Recommendations: Adherence to diabetic treatment was suboptimal, there is a need to still improve it through availing counseling and drugs at the facility so that they do not have to buy them, giving shorter time between visits to the health centers, and strategies helping patients understand their drug regimens.
Copyright (c) 2024 DICKSON MAWERERE , DR. NIWAGIIRA MULODOKAYI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF MEN AGED 45 TO 65 YEARS TOWARDS PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING PRACTICES IN LIRA REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL,LIRA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
The purpose of the study To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of men aged 45- 65 years of age towards prostate cancer screening in Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Lira district. Methodology The study employed a cross-sectional study design with simple random sampling as the sampling technique. Data was collected on a sample size of 50 respondents using semi-structured questionnaires written in the English language with open and ended questions as data collection tools; analysis was done manually using tally sheets, pens, and paper, entered in an Excel computer program; presented in tables and figures; then interpreted. Results Knowledge towards prostate cancer screening showed that; (76%) of respondents heard about prostate cancer screening, (50%) of the respondents had no idea about the importance of prostate cancer screening, (and 42%) never had ideas about how long should screening be done. Overall results in regards to attitude towards prostate cancer screening showed that; (82%) of respondents thought prostate cancer was incurable, (58%) of respondents did not know regular screening was important, (78%) thought prostate cancer was a disease for men and screening would help accordingly. In regards to practices towards prostate cancer screening showed that; (70%) of respondents have never been screened, (40%) of respondents often go for prostate cancer screening, (42%) of respondents were not aware of any functional facility. Conclusion The knowledge, attitudes, and practices of men aged 45-65 years of age towards prostate cancer screening were fairly noteworthy. Recommendation Health workers at Lira Regional Referral Hospital should continue with outreaches more to avail information in regards to prostate cancer screening men, teaching them on dangers of late disease screening, signs and symptoms of the disease, and also encourage respondents at regular appropriate times and age for prostate cancer screening.
Copyright (c) 2024 MARTIN OKELLO, Alex Katwe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES TOWARDS CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE ATTENDING LUWEERO GENERAL HOSPITAL, LUWEERO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Introduction Cervical cancer is the cancer of the uterine cervix it is the second most common cancer in women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer deaths in developing countries. In Uganda, cervical cancer is the leading cancer and cause of premature death among women aged 15-49 years. Study objective The study aims to determine knowledge, attitude, and practice toward cervical screening among women of reproductive attending Luweero General Hospital, Luweero district. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out with both quantitative & qualitative data. The study was conducted at Luweero General Hospital in Luweero district from December 2022 to January 2023, and the sample was calculated. The simple random technique was employed in this study. A self -self-administered questionnaire that was specifically structured was used as a data collection tool. Data was analyzed with SPSS software version 17, by use of double entry. Results Concerning knowledge, 57 out of the 67 (85.1%) had heard about cervical cancer screening. In terms of attitude, 56(83.3%) agreed that they can go for cervical cancer screening when told that it is painless, simple, and good for early detection of cervical cancer. As for the practice, 32(52.2%) had never gone for cervical cancer screening. Conclusion The knowledge was average given majority 85.1% had heard about cervical cancer screening. The attitude was fairly good as well because 83.6% of the women agreed to get checked. However, the practice was very low given that 52.2% had never gone for cervical cancer screening. Recommendation Efforts should be made to have periodical screening against cervical cancer, offering health education on HPV, tobacco use, and condom promotion. Moreover, creating awareness about the availability of cervical cancer services to women of reproductive age attending Luweero General Hospital, Luweero district.
Copyright (c) 2024 JUDITH GLADYS NALUBEGA , Julius Oluka (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0